Black Seed Oil

Black Seed Oil benefits

Where does Black Seed Oil Come From?
Black seed oil is an oil derived by pressing the seeds of the Nigella Sativa plant. The seeds are also commonly referred to as black cumin. The nutrient-rich oil of black seed has been used for hundreds of years in the Middle East and South Asia as a natural remedy for a variety of ailments. The uniqueness of the seeds from southwest Asia Nigella sativa is first realized by the many names that it is referred to:

 

You may know black seeds from a variety of different names, depending on which part of the world you’re in. Here are a few of the more popular one’s:
• Black cumin
• Black caraway
• Black sesame
• Onion seed
• Roman corianderblkseed oil
• Kalonji Oil
• Black Cumin Seed Oil
• Nigella Seeds
• Habbatus Sauda
• Graine De Nigelle
• Black Onion Seeds
• Schwarzkummel
• Black sesame

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“Black seed” is actually more of a description than a proper name, yet is preferred because it helps to distinguish it from caraway and cumin. Many health experts claim that it is, indeed, a true panacea; able to help cure everything from allergies to hypertension. Quite possibly, the most promising research has been done connecting Nigella sativa to multi-drug resistant bacteria. This is a real big deal because these so-called “superbugs” are becoming a significant public health risk. According to the National Institute of Health:
Black seed oil is simply an extracted oil substance produced by the squeezing and compression of black seeds. There are countless of home appliances that will let you produce your own oil, or you can buy from amazon.com or buy from Baldwin’s in UK Also available in seed form or capsules.

How to use black seed

1. Eat black seeds plain;
2. Eat a teaspoon of black seed mixed with honey;
3. Boil black seed with water. Strain and drink;
4. Heat black seed and warm milk until it just begins to boil. Remove from heat. Cool, then drink;
5. Grind black seed and swallow it with water or milk;
6. Sprinkle on bread and pastries;
7. Burn black seed with bukhoor (incense) for a pleasant scent.

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What are black seeds? The tiny, black, thick shaped cumin seed is most commonly referred to as ‘black seeds’ or ‘black cumin seeds’. They are slightly curved with a rough distinct texture that make them unique and easy to identify.
These ingredients of black seed oil enable it to act as a multipurpose natural remedy for just about anything and everything. Take a look at some of it’s properties:
• Anti-bacterial
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-oxidant
• Anti-fungal
• Anti-cancer
• Anti-asthmatic
• Anti-histamine
• Anti-viral
• Anti-coagulant

wot blk seedThey assist your body’s immune system directly, giving it aid wherever needed. These are powerful anti-inflammatory compound. The 2 most potent chemicals it contains that cause it to be such an effective remedy is thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone. These 2 are the main responsible compounds that you can credit the wonderful healing effects:

Thymoquinone – An active ingredient in black seed, researchers have been investigating TQ since the 1960s. It is well known for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that have been reported to help with encephalomyelitis, diabetes, asthma and carcinogenesis. Interestingly, thymoquinone acts as a free radical or an effective superoxide radical scavenger, in addition to preserving antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Both Glutathione peroxidase and S-transferase are heralded for being major detoxifiers and greatly aid in cellular antioxidant defense systems because they protect the liver from toxins.

Thymohydroquinone – A kin to thymoqinone, thymohydroquinone is one of the most potent natural acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors on the planet.  AChE inhibitors are chemicals that stop enzyme activity, which increases the amount of time and the amount of the neurotransmitter acetylecholine remains active in the brain. To give you an idea of their usefulness, pharmaceutical-grade acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used medicinally to treat a wide range of conditions including:

blk seed oilApathy
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Autism
• Glaucoma
• Dementia
• Myasthenia gravis
• Neurodegenerative conditions
• Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
• Schizophrenia
• Parkinson’s disease

Other Uses of Black Seed Oil
Allergies

b1 blackseed7Black Seed Oil acts as an antihistamine which helps to reduce the common symptoms of allergies (watery eyes, sneezing). Simply take half a teaspoon of oil twice a day when allergy symptoms begin to appear.

Flu and Fever

Black Seed Oil has been found to help reduce fever, by inducing perspiration which helps the body cool and stimulate the release of toxins. Take one teaspoon of Black Seed Oil once a day when flu/fever systems occur. Also be sure to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.b1 blackseed13

 

Boils and Carbuncles

Studies have shown that the anti-fungal properties of Black Seed Oil and its active component Thymoquinone help strengthen the immune system and cure many common skin infections including boils and carbuncles. Simply take half a teaspoon of Black Seed Oil twice daily (you can mix it into a hot or cold beverage).

Cough and Asthma Relief

wot blk seedThe anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties of Black Seed Oil help treat the symptoms of acute asthma and coughs by relaxing bronchial muscles. For asthma, mix a teaspoon of Black Seed Oil in boiling water and inhale the vapor twice a day. For dry coughs, mix a teaspoon of Black Seed Oil into a cup of ginger tea and drink this twice a day. For other types of coughs, massage a small amount of the oil over the center of your chest.

Diarrhea

Black seed oil is also an effective natural remedy for diarrhea.
High Blood Pressure
The active ingredients in black seed oil have been found to be effective in reducing high blood pressure.

Insomnia

b1 blacksee15Studies have shown that Black Seed Oil can help eliminate sleep disorders. Simply mix a teaspoon of black seed oil into a hot drink one hour before bed time for a good night’s sleep.

Muscle Cramps and Spasms

Black Seed Oil has been found to contain strong anti-spasmodic and anti-inflammatory ingredients. Therefore, it is effective at preventing or easing muscle spasms and cramps. Simply massage Black Seed Oil onto the affected area once in the morning and once before going to bed. You can alternatively add one teaspoon of Black Seed Oil in a cup of chamomile tea and drink it at night.

Nausea and Upset Stomach

b1 blackseed11Studies have shown that Black Seed Oil acts as a wonderful remedy for stomach ailments by stimulating digestion and inducing the expulsion of gas. For nausea and upset stomachs, mix half a teaspoon of fresh ginger juice with half a teaspoon of Black Seed Oil and take this twice a day.

Toothaches

Black seed oil’s anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties are great for treating toothaches.

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Considering that the pharmaceutical approach to these diseases comes at a great cost to the patient, it offers much hope to literally millions to learn that safe, plant-based solutions are a viable alternative!

Thymol – The active ingredient that gives thyme essential oil its medicinal properties, thymol is a natural monoterpene that holds a number of useful qualities. For example,

• It is commonly used as a tuberculocide and virucides to kill TB and various viruses.
• It is used as a medical and general-purpose disinfectant.
• It is a rapidly degrading, non-persisting pesticide.
• It is also used in food flavorings, perfumes, mouthwashes, and even cosmetics.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency Thymol is among those pesticides for which EPA believes a broadly reduced set of generic data requirements is appropriate for reregistration. The Agency, therefore, has waived most generic data requirements for thymol with the exception of studies that are considered essential, including additional information about chemical purity, and product chemistry studies


Scientific Research – Since 1959, there have been over 200 studies at international universities and articles published in various journals showing remarkable results supporting some of its traditional uses. In 1960, Egyptian researchers isolated that Nigellone, which is only found in Black Seed and responsible for its broncho-dialating effect. Recently scientists in Europe studied the anti-bacterial and anti-mycotic effects of black seed oil. Scientists at the Cancer and Immuno-Biological Laboratory reported in a study that Black Seed may stimulate bone marrow and immune cells and may raise the interferon production, protect normal cells against cell destroying effects of viruses, and raise the number of anti-bodies producing B cells.b1 blackseed5

Top 7 Black Seed Oil Benefits

Of the many ways that black seed oil benefits the body, the 6 that stick out in the scientific literature its ability to help prevent cancer, diabetes, obesity, hair loss, skin disorders and infections like MRSA.
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1. Cancer

Croatian scientists evaluated the antitumor activity of thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone in mice and discovered that the two phytochemicals in black seed oil can resulted in 52% decrease in tumor cells! b1 blackseed
Being rich in both chemicals, black seed is unique in that it can help prevent and treat cancer through a variety of mechanisms:

• Anti-proliferation
• Apoptosis induction
• Cell cycle arrest
• Reactive oxygen species generation
• Anti-metastasis
• Anti-angiogenesis
According to one study, “The anti-tumor effects of thymoquinone have also been investigated in tumor xenograft mice models for colon, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancer. The combination of thymoquinone and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs could produce greater therapeutic effect as well as reduce the toxicity of the latter.”
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2. Liver Health
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The liver is one of the most important organs in the body. Nearly every toxin gets processed through the liver, and the bile from the liver is the key to digesting fats and keeping your mind and body happy and healthy. For those that have struggled with poor liver function due to medication side effects, alcohol consumption, or disease, black seed oil could greatly speed the healing process. In a recent study scientists discovered that black seed oil benefits the function of the liver and helps prevent both damage and disease. (12)
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3. Diabetes

Explained in a recent article published by the Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, researchers from the Indian Council of Medical Research highlight that black seed oil “causes gradual partial regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells, increases the lowered serum insulin concentrations and decreases the elevated serum glucose.” (13) This is actually quite profound because Nigella sativa is one of the few substances on the planet that is suggested to help prevent both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.b1 blackseed2
In fact, according to the study, black seed “improves glucose tolerance as efficiently as metformin; yet it has not shown significant adverse effects and has very low toxicity!” (13) This is HUGE because metformin, one of the most commonly prescribed type 2 diabetes drugs, can cause a wide slew of side effects including:

• Bloating
• Constipation/Diarrhea
• Flushing of the skin
• Gas/Indigestion
• Heartburn
• Headache
• Nail changes
• Metallic taste in mouth
• Muscle pain
• Stomach pain
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4. Weight Loss

b1 blackseed3The Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders published a study last June systemically reviewing the literature for plants that have anti-obesity properties and discovered that black seed oil was amongst the most effective natural remedies on the planet.
Not traditionally believed to treat obesity, Nigella sativa is a marvelous anti-inflammatory agent that is known to help people lose weight in the same way that it helps diabetics. Specifically, by decreasing these weight gain triggers, black seed oil has helped millions shed excess weight:

• Appetite
• Glucose absorption in the intestine
• Liver gluconeogenesis
• Blood glucose levels
• Cholesterol
• Triglycerides
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5. Hair

b1 blackseed14Probably one of the most unique black seed oil benefits is its uncanny ability to help restore hair loss. No one quite understands why it happens, but it’s not too hard to guess that it has something to do with its powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. By strengthening hair follicles, there is very good reason to see how black seed oil can help promote strengthened hair roots.hair1

 

 

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6. Skin

Produced in the retina, choroid and epidermis, melanin are pigments that protect the skin from damage. You probably are most family with it being the main chemical responsible for giving our eyes and skin their individual color. Known to promote and inhibit melanogenesis (melanin production), black seed oil benefits on the skin and other cells are profoundly healing. skin1healthyskin1
For example, in a recent study conducted by Iranian researchers, Nigella saliva was found as effective as the skin cream Betamethasone in improving quality of life and decreasing severity of hand eczema. (19) When you consider that black seed oil has virtually no side effects, the benefits of Nigella, in fact, far exceed medical intervention!b1 blackseed9
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7. Infections (MRSA)

b1 blackseed4Of all the superbugs that black seed oil can kill, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important. MRSA is plaguing hospitals and nursing homes across the globe because ordinary staph infections are becoming resistant to generic antibiotics. The elderly population is especially at risk because it is generally associated with invasive procedures such as surgeries, intravenous tubing, and artificial joints. (20) Primarily due to weakened immunity, the growing population of senior citizens has made MRSA a global public health risk.

Thankfully, one of the strongest black seed oil benefits comes to the rescue. Pakistan scientists took several strains of MRSA and discovered that each one was sensitive to N. Sativa, proving that black seed oil can help slow down or stop MRSA from spreading out of control. b1 blackseed12
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The Remedy For Everything But Death

What are the Side Effects of Black Seed Oil?

black_seed_oilThere are no known side effects of Black Seed Oil if it is taken moderately.
Black Seed Oil for Pregnancy – Although it is strongly recommended to consult with your doctor on an individual basis, there have been some studies that show positive results when taken during pregnancy. However there has not been enough concrete evidence to draw any conclusions, especially since in some cases it can affect the smooth muscle contractions of the uterus. Therefore, it is not recommended for use during pregnancy.

 

 

Spirulina

Healthy Wellnes & Alternative Remedies

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Spirulina is a genus of blue-green algae used as a nutritional supplement. Blue-green algae, which are microscopic fresh-water organisms, are also known as cyanobacteria. Their color is derived from the green pigment of chlorophyll, and the blue from a protein called phycocyanin. The species most commonly recommended for use as a nutritional supplement are Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis. These occur naturally in warm, alkaline, salty, brackish lakes, but are also commonly grown by aquaculture and harvested for commercial use. Spirulina contains many nutrients, including B vitamins, beta-carotene, gamma-linolenic acid, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, zinc, bioflavonoids , and protein.a1 spirulina 10 reasons

Spirulina is about 65% protein by composition. These proteins are complete, in that they contain all essential amino acids , plus some nonessential ones. In that regard, it is similar to animal protein, but does not contain saturated fats, or residues of hormones or antibiotics that are in some meats. Since spirulina is normally taken in small amounts, the quantity of dietary protein supplied for the average reasonably well-nourished person would not be significant. However, it is a good source of trace minerals, some vitamins, bioflavonoids, and other phytochemicals. It also has high digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients.

a1 spirulina 1

Spirulina is a genus of blue-green algae used as a nutritional supplement. Blue-green algae, which are microscopic fresh-water organisms, are also known as cyanobacteria. Their color is derived from the green pigment of chlorophyll, and the blue from a protein called phycocyanin. The species most commonly recommended for use as a nutritional supplement are Spirulina maxima and Spirulina platensis. These occur naturally in warm, alkaline, salty, brackish lakes, but are also commonly grown by aquaculture and harvested for commercial use. Spirulina contains many nutrients, including B vitamins, beta-carotene, gamma-linolenic acid, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, zinc, bioflavonoids , and protein.

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Spirulina is about 65% protein by composition. These proteins are complete, in that they contain all essential amino acids , plus some nonessential ones. In that regard, it is similar to animal protein, but does not contain saturated fats, or residues of hormones or antibiotics that are in some meats. Since spirulina is normally taken in small amounts, the quantity of dietary protein supplied for the average reasonably well-nourished person would not be significant. However, it is a good source of trace minerals, some vitamins, bioflavonoids, and other phytochemicals. It also has high digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients.

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General use

Spirulina has been used as a source of protein and nutrients, particularly beta-carotene, by the World Health Organization (WHO) to feed malnourished Indian children. The program resulted in a decrease of a type of blindness that results from inadequate dietary vitamin A . The dose used in this year-long study was 1 gram per day.

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There is a high vitamin B12 content in spirulina. For this reason, it has often been recommended as a supple-mental source of the vitamin for vegans and other strict vegetarians, who are unlikely to have adequate dietary vitamin B12. Unfortunately, spirulina is not an effective source of the usable vitamin. Much of the vitamin B12 is in the form of analogs that are unusable for humans, and may even block the active forms of vitamin B12 consumed from other sources.  a1 spirulina 11

Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is present in significant amounts in a small percent of spirulina species. This essential fatty acid can be used in the body to form products that are anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative. It is potentially useful for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic neuropathy. It may also play a role in lowering plasma triglycerides and increasing HDL cholesterol .

Spirulina is a good source of available iron and zinc. A study done in rats found that those consuming spirulina had equivalent or better absorption than those given a ferrous sulfate iron supplement. A small human study of iron-deficient women had good response to iron supple-mentation with spirulina, although the amounts used were large (4 grams after each meal). Similarly, a study of zinc deficient children found that those taking spirulina had a superior response to those taking zinc sulfate, and had fewer side effects.

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In addition to serving as a source of nutrients itself, spirulina has been used in the manufacture of fermented dairy products to guarantee the survival of the bacteria used to ferment the milk.

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A stronger immune system is one claim made by boosters of spirulina. A number of animal studies appear to support stimulation of both antibody and cellular types of immunity. Immune function was markedly improved in children living in the areas surrounding Chernobyl. The measurements were made after 45 days, with each child consuming 5 grams of spirulina per day.

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The growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria, including Lactobacillus, appears to be stimulated by the consumption of spirulina, based on a study of rats who consumed it as 5% of their diets . The absorption of vitamin B1 was also improved.

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Cholesterol, serum lipids, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol may be lowered by a small but significant percentage by the consumption of spirulina. One study group of men with high cholesterol took 4.2 grams per day of spirulina, and experienced a 4.5% decrease in cholesterol after one month.

Spirulina is also thought to be helpful in the treatment of oral leukoplakia, a precancerous condition that is manifested as white patches in the mouth. It improves experimentally induced oral carcinoma (cancer in the mouth) as supported by studies done in animals.

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The evidence for the ability of spirulina to promote weight loss is not very strong. Results have been mixed, and the phenylalanine content does not appear to be an appetite suppressant as is sometimes claimed. Whether other components of the algae are beneficial for weight loss is uncertain and unproven.

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Spirulina has been recommended to alleviate the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although evidence for this indication is lacking.

a1 Algae-Compounds-offer-hundreds-of-Medical-Solutions

Spirulina has the highest concentration of evercetin found in a natural source. Evercetin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound that can be used to alleviate the symptoms of sinusitis and asthma . Phycocyanin, the protein that gives spirulina its blue color, has also been shown to relieve inflammation associated with arthritis and various allergies .

a1 logoOne recommended dose is 3–5 grams per day, but the amount used may depend on the product, the individual a1 spirulina 16using it, and the indication for which it is being taken.

Preparations

Spirulina supplements are available in powder, flake, capsule, and tablet form. These supplements are generally expensive and have a strong flavor that many people find unpleasant.

Precautions

Because spirulina is sensitive to pollutants in sea water, it can be used as a biosensor to measure the toxicity of a given body of water. Unfortunately, this sensitivity means that spirulina grown in water contaminated with heavy metals can concentrate these toxic substances. Mercury levels are of particular concern. Infectious organisms may also be present and contaminate harvested algae, so reputable sources of spirulina should be used.

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Phenylketonurics should avoid spirulina due to the potential content of phenylalanine.

A number of varieties of blue-green algae, including Aphanizomenon flos-quae and Anabaena, have been found to sometimes produce toxins that may affect the nervous system or the liver.

Purchasing Spirulina

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I would reccomend buying an organic spirulina, which is free of pesticides to limit contimination and side effects. Available online or local health shops.  Amaon.com, Amazon.co.uk have a range of Spirulina Power and tablets

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Organic Spirulina Powder

The potential side effects of spirulina are primarily gastrointestinal, and include diarrhea, nausea , and vomiting . Allergic reactions occur rarely, but can cause insomnia and anxiety

Spirulina Recipes

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Different Ideas

DIY |Face Masks

Give your face a treat by switching to our homemade superfood masks. Get beautiful, calm, gleaming skin!

This superfood green Spirulina powder is:

  • a fantastic source of antioxidants
  • helps your skin retain moisture
  • smooths and exfoliates
  • helps to eliminate bad bacteria that can cause acne
  • contains chlorophyll which is super cleansing
  • Discover what type of support your skin needs
  • Make your own face masks with ingredients from your kitchen
  • Say goodbye dull, irritated, dry and problematic skin

a1 3-spirulina-face-maskFacing the modern world means a daily onslaught of pollution, chemicals and air conditioning. It’s no wonder we spend money on impressive-sounding skin treatments, that peel, scrub and clarify our skin.
a1 6-spirulina-face-mask

BUT:
Many facial products contain perfume, alcohol, parabens, synthetic colours and preservatives that your skin absorbs and can cause health problems. Our superfood facemasks are the perfect alternative because they contain no nasties. Instead, you get all the amazing vitamins, minerals, essential fats, protein and enzymes straight into your skin, for real and lasting benefits.

INTRODUCING THE ORGANIC BURST SUPERFOOD MASKS

DIY | Spirulina Clarifier

Cleansing & Tightening – Perfect if you have oily skin or wear heavy make-up.

This is the most fuss-free recipe imaginable with only 2 ingredients! Our pure, organic a1 2-spirulina-face-maskspirulina absorbs water, so it can cleanse the pores brilliantly. It is also a wonderful source of the powerful pigment beta-carotene. If you have very sensitive skin, simply replace spirulina with Organic Burst Wheatgrass, or try adding 1tbsp natural organic yoghurt to cool.

Ingredients:

  • 2 tsp Organic Spirulina powder
  • Filtered water

Put the spirulina in a bowl and gradually add enough water to make a paste. Spread over the face – use the back of a spoon or your fingers. Leave for 15 mins or longer. If your skin on the shoulders and chest need some attention, spread it over these areas too!

“Treat your face to a simple clarifying mask with Spirulina, a great pore cleanser!”

Ingredients:

  • Organic Spirulina Powder
  • Raw Honey

 

Directions:

a1 spirulina-face-maskMix together one tablespoon of Spirulina and one tablespoon of Raw Honey. Stir really well in a bowl until the consistency is creamy. Spread all over your face either using your fingers or a foundation brush (I find that using a foundation brush helps to apply the mixture more evenly). Leave on for 20-45 mins. Wash with warm water and feel the difference in your skin!! I do this mask once or twice a week and absolutely love the results.

 

Other DIY Organic Spirulina powder face mask ideas

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This potent manuka honey especially great for:

  • Healing acne and scarring
  • Fighting skin infections
  • Cleaning pores while naturally exfoliating
  • Helping skin to retain moisture
  • Rejuvenating radiance and softness

Interactions

No interactions of spirulina with foods, conventional medications, or herbs have been documented as of 2002.

Historical use[edit] Spirulina was a food source for the Aztecs and other Mesoamericans until the 16th century; the harvest from Lake Texcoco and subsequent sale as cakes were described by one of Cortés' soldiers.[54][55] The Aztecs called it "tecuitlatl".[47] Spirulina was found in abundance at Lake Texcoco by French researchers in the 1960s, but no reference to its use was made by the Aztecs as a daily food source after the 16th century, probably due to the draining of the surrounding lakes for agricultural and urban development.[4][47] The topic of the Tecuitlalt, which was earlier discovered in 1520, was not mentioned again until 1940, the French phycologist Pierre Dangeard mentioned about a cake called “dihe”, consumed by Kanembu tribe, African Lake Chad, Kanem (Chad, Africa). Dangeard studied the “dihe” samples and found that it is like a puree of spring form blue algae. Spirulina has also been traditionally harvested in Chad. It is dried into dihé, which are used to make broths for meals, and also sold in markets. The spirulina is harvested from small lakes and ponds around Lake Chad.[56] During 1964 and 1965, the botanist Jean Leonard, during his Belgian Trans-Sabaran Expedition, confirmed that dihe is made up of Spirulina and thus chemical analysis was started on Spirulina. During that time, Léonard received a request from Sosa-Texcoco Ltd, Mexico to study a bloom of algae in their sodium hydroxide production facility. As a result, the first systematic and detailed study of the growth requirements and physiology of Spirulina was performed. This study, which was a part of Ph.D. thesis by Zarrouk (1966) [57] was the basis for establishing the first large-scale production plant of Spirulina.[15] Spirulina, in 1967 was established as a “wonderful food source” by the International Association of Applied Microbiology.[15] The first large-scale spirulina production plant, run by Sosa Texcoco, was established there in the early 1970s.[1]
Those with PKU should consult with a doctor before taking, as it does contain that amino acid. Those on any type of anti-coagulation medicine should consult with a doctor before beginning (or stopping) taking Spirulina. Some people with autoimmune disease do not do well with Spirulina. If you are pregnant, nursing or have any medical condition, check with your doctor first!

The potential side effects of spirulina are primarily gastrointestinal, and include diarrhea, nausea , and vomiting . Allergic reactions occur rarely, but can cause insomnia and anxiety

Resources

BOOKS

Bratman, Steven, and David Kroll. Natural Health Bible. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1999.

Griffith, H. Winter. Vitamins, Herbs, Minerals & supplements: the complete guide. New York: Fisher Books, 1998.

Jellin, Jeff, Forrest Batz, and Kathy Hitchens. Pharmacist’s Letter/Prescriber’s Letter Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. California: Therapeutic Research Faculty, 1999.

OTHER

EarthNet. EarthNet Scientific Health Library. http://www.spirulina.com/SPLAbstracts1.html (2000).

Earthrise. Spirulina Library Abstracts and Summaries. http://www.earthrise.com/ERLibAbstracts2.html (2000).

Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic: Blue-green algae. http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/askdiet/htm/new/qd970618.htm (1997).